Functional materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli (temperature, electric/magnetic field, etc.) or by doping or functionalizing them. For this reason, are very useful for sensing applications since the external stimulus e.g. light or a gas agent affects modulates its properties e.g. electrical or optical ones. Otherwise, are called ‘smart materials’

Paper electronics represents a new concept, which combines the use of paper as a functional part of electronic components or devices. Paper-based electronics show promising technical, economic, and environmental advantages which will allow new recyclable electronics devices like paper displays, smart labels, smart packaging, bio-and medical applications, PoC devices, RFID tags, disposable electrochemical sensors, solar cells, among others.

One of the most exciting features of the internet of things is its ability to make the invisible, visible. That has huge implications for climate change, and for protecting the environment and people’s health. The growth in cheap sensors and cheap computing has made it possible for governments, startups, and non-profits to track air pollution at the local level much more cheaply than ever before. Non-profits are using sensors to monitor heat islands in New York City. The goal of all of these efforts is to provide information that citizens and governments can use to make better decisions. IoT can’t just help cities and individuals track pollution; it can help companies adjust their manufacturing processes to meet carbon reduction goals.